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Water bodies on the earth’s surface
A water body is a mass of stationary or moving water which occupy the surface of the Earth. Water bodies can be salty or fresh, large or small. Water occupies about 71 percent of the earth’s surface. There is more water surface in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere. Some of
the major water bodies are rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans.
Rivers
A river is a mass of fresh water flowing by gravity in a definite channel from the source to the mouth. The source of a river may be rainfall, natural spring, melting glacier, marshland, or lake. A river can also originate from underground aquifers.
These sources are the starting points of a river flow; they feed water into the river’s channel, which eventually forms a stream, which drains its water towards a river mouth. The river’s mouth is a point where the river discharges its water into the ocean, sea, lake or swampy area.
In Tanzania, the major rivers are Rufiji, Ruvuma, Kagera, Pangani, Malagarasi, Ruaha, Wami and Ruvu. Major rivers in Africa include the Nile
River (6,650 km long), the largest river in the world and the Congo River (4,700 km long). River Nile originates from Lake Victoria basin and discharges its water into the Mediterranean Sea.
Other major rivers in the world are the Amazon River (South America) 6,400 km long, the Mississippi River (North America) 6,275 km long, and Yangtse River (Asia) 6,385 km long.
Lakes
A lake is a hollow or depression in the earth’s surface that contains fresh or salty water. Example of lakes in Tanzania includes Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa, Rukwa, Manyara, and Eyasi. All these lakes, except Victoria are rift valley lakes. Lake Victoria is a basin lake. Some lakes are so large that they are called seas.
Examples of such lakes are the Caspian Sea, Dead Sea, and the Aral Sea. Although most lakes are permanent, few of them are temporary depending on climatic variations. Some lakes are natural whereas others are man-made. For example, in Tanzania, natural lakes include Lake Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa, Rukwa and Manyara while man-made lakes include Lake Kidatu, Mtera, Kihansi, and Tipe.
Lake Superior in North America is the world’s largest fresh water lake followed by Lake Victoria in East Africa. Lake Baikal in Russia is the deepest fresh water lake in the world followed by Lake Tanganyika found in Tanzania.
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